Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of <i>Salvia rosmarinus</i> extract

Abstract In the current study, we used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to investigate analyze methanolic extract of Salvia rosmarinus leaves. HPLC analysis showed that revealed a diverse array polyphenolic compounds, including apigenin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic caffeic coumaric daidzein, ellagic ferulic gallic hesperetin, kaempferol, methyl gallate, naringenin, pyrocatechol, quercetin, rutin, syringic vanillin. Furthermore, three fungal isolates from symptomatic strawberry plants were obtained identified as Botrytis cinerea (OR116486), Fusarium oxysporum (OR116505), Rhizoctonia solani (OR116525). The extract’s antifungal activity was evaluated at concentrations 0, 50, 150, 200, 300 µg/mL. At 200 µg/mL, growth inhibition percentages 74.56, 58.19, 56.67% for R. , F. B. respectively, while all tested fungi completely suppressed. GC–MS major compounds based on their retention times relative peak areas (%) included β-caryophyllene (12.06%), germacrene d (13.55%), caryophyllene oxide (3.13%), palmitate (5.26%), hexadecanoic acid (4.9%), stearate (6.02%). These results show rosemary potential source natural agents against plant photogenic fungi. As result, it provides safer alternative protective approaches disease management.